Suturing loading unit

ABSTRACT

A suturing end effector includes a first jaw member, a second jaw member, and a helical needle. The first and second jaw members are moveable relative to one another between open and closed configurations. Each of the first and second jaw members defines a first row of wells that define a helical path when the first and second jaw members are in the closed configuration. The helical needle is rotatable through the helical path between retracted and extended positions. The helical needle is configured to draw a suture through tissue between the first and second jaw members when the helical needle is rotatably advanced through the helical path and configured to be independently moveable relative to the suture when retracted from the advanced position to the retracted position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/166,983 filed May 27, 2015, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to surgical fastening instruments, and more specifically, to surgical instruments for fastening tissue with continuous sutures.

2. Background of the Invention

As medical and hospital costs continue to increase, surgeons are constantly striving to develop advanced surgical techniques to reduce overall patient trauma. In this manner, the length of hospital stays and thus, medical costs can be significantly reduced.

In many surgical procedures, it is often necessary to fasten portions of body organs or tissue together. Traditionally, portions of body organs or tissue were fastened together by using a needle attached to a suture material to manually stitch tissue together, in order to expedite surgical staplers were developed that can quickly apply one or more lines of staples to fasten portions of tissue together. These staplers are configured for use in both open and endoscopic surgical procedures and are typically designed to apply a line or lines of staples along a set length of tissue (e.g., 30 mm, 45 mm, or 60 mm depending on the staple cartridge).

Accordingly, there is a need for surgical instruments that fasten portions of body organs or tissue together along a varied length. In particular, there is a need for a surgical instrument that may secure portions of body organs or tissue together along lengths less than 30 mm.

SUMMARY

In an aspect of the present disclosure, a suturing end effector includes a first jaw member, a second jaw member, and a helical needle. The first and second jaw members are moveable relative to one another between an open configuration and a closed configuration. Each of the first and second jaw members defines a first row of wells which together define a helical path when the first and second jaw members are in the closed configuration. The helical needle is rotatable through the helical path from a retracted position to an advanced position to draw a suture through tissue between the first and second jaw members. The helical needle is configured to be moveable from the advanced position to the retracted position independent of the suture.

In aspects, the helical needle is hollow and defines a channel therethrough. The channel may be configured to slidably receive the suture. The suturing end effector may include a suture cutter that is disposed within the first jaw member. The suture cutter may be moveable from a first position to a second position to cut the suture to leave a portion of the suture within the tissue and a portion of the suture within the channel of the helical needle. The suture cutter may be moved to proximally from the first position to the second position in response to movement of the helical needle to the retracted position. The suturing end effector may include a knife that is translatable through the first and second jaw members that includes a cam that engages the suture cutter to move the suture cutter from the first position to the second position as the knife is retracted.

In some aspects, the first and second jaw members each define a portion of a knife slot along a longitudinal axis of the end effector. The knife slot may extend through tissue contacting surfaces of the first and second jaw members. The first row of wells may be positioned on a first side of the knife slot. The suturing end effector may include a knife that is extendable through the knife slot. The knife may trail a tip of the helical needle as the helical needle is advanced through the helical path. Each of the first and second jaw members may define a clamping groove in a surface that is opposite to the tissue contacting surfaces of the first and second jaw members. The knife may include first and second flanges. The first flange may be disposed within the clamping groove of the first jaw member and the second flange may be disposed within the clamping groove of the second jaw member. The first and second flanges may urge the first and second jaw members towards the closed configuration when the knife is advanced through the knife slot.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a suturing loading unit includes a housing, an end effector, and a first helical needle. The housing includes a proximal portion, an elongated portion that extends distally from the proximal portion, and a drive mechanism. The end effector is supported at a distal end of the elongated portion of the housing. The end effector includes first and second jaw members that are moveable relative to one another between open and closed configurations. Each of the first and second jaw members defines a first row of wells that together define a helical path when the first and second jaw members are in the closed configuration. The first helical needle is rotatable in response to actuation of the drive mechanism. The first helical needle rotatable through the helical path between retracted and advanced positions to draw a suture through tissue between the first and second jaw members. The helical needle is configured to be moveable from the advanced position to the retracted position independent of the suture. The articulation rod may be configured to articulate the end effector relative to the housing.

In aspects, the drive mechanism includes a first drive shaft, a first drive sleeve, and a first needle carriage. The first drive shaft may be rotatable within the elongated portion of the housing and may have proximal and distal portions. The first drive sleeve may be rotatably secured about the proximal portion of the first drive shaft. The first needle carriage may be rotatably secured about the distal portion of the first drive shaft and may be longitudinally translatable through the elongated portion of the housing as the first needle carriage is rotated by the first drive shaft between retracted and advanced positions. The first helical needle may be disposed about the first drive shaft and may be coupled to the first needle carriage such that as the first needle carriage is advanced towards the advanced position, the first needle carriage is rotatable advanced through the helical path of the first and second jaw members. As the first needle carriage is retracted towards the retracted position, the first helical needle may be rotatably withdrawn through the helical path of the first and second jaw members. The suturing loading unit may include a first suture that passes through a passage defined through the first drive sleeve parallel to the first drive shaft, through a passage defined through the first needle carriage, and into a channel defined through the first helical needle. The first needle carriage may include a plurality of nubs that extend radially from an outer surface of the first needle carriage. An inner wall of the elongated portion of the housing may define drive grooves. Each of the plurality of nubs may be disposed within one of the drive grooves such that as the first needle is rotted by the first drive shaft, each of the plurality of nubs translates within a respective drive groove to translate the first needle carriage within the elongated portion of the housing.

In some aspects, the drive mechanism includes a second drive shaft, a second drive sleeve, and a second needle. The second drive shaft may be rotatable within the elongated portion of the housing and may be parallel to the first drive shaft. The second drive shaft may have proximal and distal portions. The second drive sleeve may be rotatably secured about the proximal portion of the second drive shaft. The second needle carriage may be rotatably secured about the distal portion of the second drive shaft. The second needle carriage may be longitudinally translatable through the elongated portion of the housing as the second needle carriage is rotated by the second drive shaft between retracted and advanced positions. The suturing loading unit may include a second helical needle that is disposed about the second drive shaft and may be coupled to the second needle carriage such that as the second needle carriage is advanced towards the advanced position. The second helical needle is rotatably advanced through a second helical path of the first and second jaw members. As the second needle carriage is retracted towards the retracted position, the second helical needle may be rotatably withdrawn through the second helical path of the first and second jaw members. The second helical path may be defined by a second row of wells defined by the first and second jaw members when the first and second jaw members are in the closed configuration.

In particular aspects, the suturing loading unit includes a knife carriage that has a first guide cylinder, a second guide cylinder, and a central portion that is disposed between the first and second guide cylinders. The first guide cylinder may be slidably positioned over the first drive shaft and the second guide cylinder may be slidably posited over the second drive shaft. The knife carriage may be coupled to a knife that is disposed within the end effector and may be moveable to translate the knife through the first and second jaw members of the end effector. The drive mechanism may include knife bars that have proximal and distal ends. The proximal ends of the knife bars may be coupled to the knife carriage and the distal ends of the knife bars may be coupled to the knife. As the second needle carriage is advanced over the second drive shaft, the second needle carriage may engage the knife carriage to advance the knife carriage through the elongated portion of the housing as the first needle carriage is retracted. The first needle carriage may engage the knife carriage to retract the knife carriage through the elongated portion of the housing.

Further, to the extent consistent, any of the aspects described herein may be used in conjunction with any or all of the other aspects described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various aspects of the present disclosure are described herein below with reference to the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A is a front, upper perspective view of an embodiment of a loading unit provided in accordance with the present disclosure with a manually operated drive member;

FIG. 1B is a rear perspective view of the loading unit of FIG. 1A secured to an electromechanical surgical instrument;

FIG. 2 is a rear, lower perspective view of the loading unit of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3 is an enlargement of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 1A with the jaws in an open configuration;

FIG. 4 is an enlargement of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 2 with the jaws in a closed configuration;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line 5-5 of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view showing internal components of the loading unit of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the loading unit of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 10 is cross-sectional view taken along the section line 10-10 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a top view of a portion of the loading unit of FIG. 1A in an articulated position;

FIG. 12 is a rear perspective view of the proximal housing of the loading unit of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 6;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 6;

FIG. 15 is cross-sectional view taken along the section line 15-15 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a front perspective view of the loading unit of FIG. 1A with the housing removed;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the needles of the loading unit of FIG. 6 with a portion of the needles cutaway;

FIG. 18 is a rear perspective view of the loading unit of FIG. 1A in a retracted position with the housing removed;

FIG. 19 is cross-sectional view taken along the section line 19-19 of FIG. 10;

FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line 21-21 of FIG. 9 with the jaws in a closed configuration;

FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a rear perspective view of the loading unit of FIG. 18 in an extended position;

FIG. 24 is a front perspective view of the end effector of the loading unit of FIG. 1A with the needles and the knife in a retracted position with the upper jaw removed;

FIG. 25 is a front perspective view of the end effector of FIG. 25 with the needles and the knife in an advanced position;

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line 26-26 of FIG. 24 including the upper jaw;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line 27-27 of FIG. 25 including the upper jaw in an approximated position;

FIG. 28 is a side cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 27 with the needles and the knife returned to the retracted position;

FIG. 29 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail of FIG. 24; and

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line 30-30 of FIG. 29.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure are now described in detail with reference to the drawings in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. As used herein, the term “clinician” refers to a doctor, a nurse, or any other user, operator, or care provider and may include support personnel. Throughout this description, the term “proximal” refers to the portion of the device or component thereof that is closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion of the device or component thereof that is farthest from the clinician.

Referring now to FIG. 1A, an exemplary embodiment of a surgical instrument or loading unit 10 provided in accordance with present disclosure and includes a housing 12 and an end effector 30. The loading unit 10 is configured to form one or more continuous sutures from suture material in the form of sutures 100 a, 100 b along a length of the end effector 30 as will be described in detail below. The loading unit 10 is driven by a manual drive member 20 that may be manually or electromechanically actuated as described below.

With reference to FIG. 1B, it is contemplated that the loading unit 10 can be configured for connection to a drive member 20 including an electromechanical handpiece 27. The electromechanical handpiece 27 can include an adapter 28 that connects the electromechanical handpiece 27 to the loading unit 10. For a detailed description of the structure and function of an exemplary electromechanical handpiece 27, please refer to commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/484,975 filed on May 31, 2012, and published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0253329 on Oct. 4, 2012, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. Although the surgical instrument is illustrated in the form of a loading unit 10, it is envisioned that the surgical instrument can be fixedly secured to a distal end of the electromechanical handpiece 27 and/or adapter 20.

Referring now to FIGS. 2-4, the end effector 30 includes a first or lower jaw 32 and a second or upper jaw 34 that are moveable relative to one another between an open configuration (FIG. 3) and an approximated or closed configuration (FIG. 4). The upper and lower jaws 32, 34 are biased towards the open configuration by a jaw biasing member 31 (FIG. 6) positioned between the jaws 32, 34.

The upper and lower jaws 32, 34 each define a portion of a knife slot 36 extending along a substantial length of each of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34. Each of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 also defines a clamping channel 38 along an outer surface of each of the respective jaws 32, 34 (FIG. 10) that flanks the knife slot 36. A portion of the clamping channel 38 of the lower jaw 32 may form a slot in the lower jaw 32 such that a portion of the clamping channel 38 is recessed within the outer surface of the lower jaw 32.

With reference also to FIG. 5, the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 each have a tissue contacting surface 35 that defines wells 42. The wells 42 are arranged in two parallel rows that are positioned on opposite sides of the knife slot 36. The rows extend in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the end effector 30. When the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 are in the closed configuration (FIG. 4), the wells 42 of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 form a continuous helical path 43 (FIG. 21) through the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 that extends about the knife slot 36.

Referring to FIG. 6, the loading unit 10 includes a housing 12, the end effector 30, a knife mechanism 50, an articulation mechanism 70, and a drive mechanism 80. As detailed below, the housing 12 encloses portions of the knife mechanism 50, the articulation mechanism 70, and the drive mechanism 80. The housing 12 defines a proximal housing portion 14 and an elongated housing portion 16 extending distally from the proximal housing portion 14. In addition, the housing 12 includes support tabs 18 that extend distally from the elongated housing portion 16 and receive articulation support pins 73 of a support bracket assembly to pivotally secure the end effector 30 (FIG. 9) to the distal end of the housing 12. The elongated housing portion 16 defines a drive channel 17 that extends through the elongated housing portion 16 and drive grooves 19 (FIG. 5) formed along an inner wall that defines the drive channel 17.

With additional reference to FIG. 7, the lower jaw 32 has a proximal portion that defines a plurality of cutter openings 46. The cutter openings 46 are dimensioned to receive a suture cutting mechanism 60 that includes a pair of suture cutters 62 and a biasing member 65 (FIG. 6) associated with each of the suture cutters 62. Each suture cutter 62 has a body 63 that includes a biasing flange 64, a finger 66, and a cam 68. The biasing flange 64 extends laterally from one side of the body 63 and is coupled to an end of the biasing member 65. The biasing member 65 is in tension and urges the suture cutter 62 distally and into one of the cutter openings 46. The finger 66 of each suture cutter 62 extends towards the tissue contacting surface of the upper jaw 34 (FIG. 5) and includes a cutting surface 67. The cutting surface 67 is disposed on a proximal and a lower surface of the finger 66 (FIG. 7). The cam 68 includes a vertical camming surface 68 a and an angled camming surface 68 b that are engaged by a cam 59 (FIG. 8) of a knife 54 of the knife mechanism 50 as detailed below to cut a respective one of the sutures 100 a, 100 b with one of the suture cutters 62.

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 8-10, the knife mechanism 50 includes resilient knife bars 52 that are translatable through the drive channels 17 to translate the knife 54 through the upper and lower jaws 32, 34. The knife 54 includes a blade 55, an upper flange 56, and a lower flange 58. The upper and lower flanges 56, 58 form an I-beam configuration with the blade 55. The blade 55 is formed on a vertical strut 54 a that extends between the upper and lower flanges 56, 58, respectively, and is slidably disposed within the knife slot 36 defined by the upper and lower jaws 32, 34. The upper and lower flanges 56, 58 are slidably disposed within the clamping channels 38 of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 respectively. As the knife 54 is translated distally through the knife slot 36, as detailed below, the upper and lower flanges 56, 58 move the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 against the jaw biasing member 31 towards the clamped configuration. A distal end of the lower flange 58 includes the cam members 59. Each of the cam members 59 extends outwardly from the vertical structure 54 a in a direction orthogonal to the blade 55 at a position vertically offset from the lower flange 58. The cam members 59 are slidably disposed in a camming slot 48 (FIG. 5) defined in the lower jaw 32.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 11-12, the articulation mechanism 70 pivotally couples the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 to one another and to the housing 12 to facilitate articulation of the end effector 30 relative to the housing 12. The articulation assembly 70 includes a support bracket assembly including an upper bracket 74 and a lower bracket 76 that are secured together by fasteners 75. Each of the upper and lower brackets 74, 76 include an articulation support pin 73 extending outward from an upper and lower surface, respectively. The articulation support pin 73 extends through openings 18 a in tabs 18 of the housing 12 to secure the brackets 74, 76 to the housing 12. The lower bracket 76 includes jaw supports 78 that extend laterally from side surfaces of the lower bracket 76 and are received through openings 33 defined in a proximal portion of each of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 to pivotally support the jaws 32, 34 to the lower bracket 76.

With particular reference to FIG. 6, the articulation assembly 70 includes lateral supports 72 that are positioned on opposite sides of the knife bars 52 on the brackets 74, 76. The lateral supports 72 prevent outward bulging of the resilient knife bars 52 during actuation of the end effector 30, especially when the knife bars 52 are advanced when the end effector 30 is in an articulated position.

The articulation assembly 70 further includes an articulation rod 79 having proximal and distal ends 79 a, 79 b, respectively. The lower bracket 76 includes an articulation post 77 that is laterally offset from the longitudinal axis of the end effector 30 and from the support pins 73. With particular reference to FIG. 11, the distal end 79 b of the articulation rod 79 is rotatably coupled to the articulation post 77 such that longitudinal translation of the articulation rod 79 articulates the end effector 30 an angle of articulation θ relative to a longitudinal axis defined by the housing 12 about a vertical axis defined by the articulation support pins 73. It is contemplated that the end effector 30 may define an angle of articulation θ in a range of about 135° to about 225°, with 180° representing a straight configuration. As best shown in FIG. 12, the proximal end 79 a of the articulation rod 79 extends into the proximal housing portion 14 such that the proximal end 79 a is engagable by the drive member 20 (FIG. 1A) of the adapter 28 or the electromechanical handpiece 27 (FIG. 1B) to effect longitudinal translation of the articulation rod 79. It will be appreciated that knife bars 52 and first and second needles 102 a, 102 b, respectively, described below may be advanced and retracted when the end effector 30 is articulated with respect to the elongated housing portion 16.

Referring back to FIG. 6, the drive mechanism 80 includes drive shafts 81 a, 81 b, drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b, and carriages 90 a, 90 b, 96. Each of the drive shafts 81 a, 81 b includes a proximal portion 82 a, a distal portion 82 b, and a collar 83 separating the proximal and distal portions 82 a, 82 b, respectively. The proximal and distal portions 82 a, 82 b of each drive shaft 81 a, 81 b are keyed as detailed below.

With additional reference to FIG. 13, the first drive sleeve 84 a has an outer surface that includes a gear 85. The gear 85 is adapted to be engaged by a drive member (e.g., drive member 20 or adapter 28) to rotate the first drive sleeve 84 a about its longitudinal axis. The first drive sleeve 84 a defines a keyed opening 86 that receives the keyed proximal portion 82 a of the first drive shaft 81 a to rotatably secure the first drive sleeve 84 a to the first drive shaft 81 a such that the first drive shaft 81 a will rotate in response to rotation of the first drive sleeve 84 a. The drive mechanism 80 may include a cap 88 positioned over the proximal portion 82 a of the first drive shaft 81 a proximal to the first drive sleeve 84 a to longitudinally fix the first drive sleeve 84 a relative to the proximal portion 82 a of the first drive shaft 81 a. It is contemplated that the cap 88 may be configured to function as a bearing to support the proximal portion 82 a of the first drive shaft 81 a within the proximal housing portion 14.

The first drive sleeve 82 a also defines a suture passage 87 that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first drive sleeve 82 a. The suture passage 87 is positioned radially outward from the keyed opening 86 and permits passage of the suture 100 a (FIG. 6) through the first drive sleeve 84 a. The suture passage 87 may be aligned with the key of the keyed opening 86.

The second drive sleeve 82 b is substantially similar to the first drive sleeve 82 a with like features labeled in a similar manner, as such, only the differences will be detailed herein. The second drive sleeve 82 b is disposed over the proximal portion 82 a of the second drive shaft 81 b. As shown in FIG. 13, the gear 85 of the second drive sleeve 81 b is longitudinally offset from the gear 85 of the first drive sleeve 81 a such that the first and second drive sleeves 81 a, 81 b may rotate within proximal housing portion 14 without the gears 85 of the first and second drive sleeves 81 a, 81 b interfering with one another.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the first needle carriage 90 a defines a centrally disposed keyed central opening 92 that receives the distal portion 82 b of the first drive shaft 81 a. The distal portion 82 b of the first drive shaft 81 a is disposed within the keyed central opening 92 of the first needle carriage 90 a and engages the first needle carriage 90 a to rotate the first needle carriage 90 a in response to rotation of the first drive shaft 81 a. The collar 83 of the first drive shaft 81 a is has a diameter larger than the central opening 92 of the first needle carriage 90 a to prevent the first needle carriage 90 a from sliding proximally over the collar 83. The first needle carriage 90 a also defines a suture passage 93 that extends in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first needle carriage 90 a and is positioned radially outward from the central opening 92.

With particular reference to FIG. 15, the outer surface of the first needle carriage 90 a includes a plurality of nubs 94 extending radially outward from the outer surface of the first needle carriage 90 a. Each of the plurality of nubs 94 are sized to be received within drive grooves 19 (FIG. 5) defined along the inner surface of the drive channels 17 (FIG. 5) of the elongated housing portion 16 of the housing 12. The plurality of nubs 94 are disposed in four longitudinal rows radially spaced 90° apart about the outer surface of the first needle carriage 90 a. It is contemplated that the plurality of nubs 94 may be disposed in a range of 2 to 8 longitudinal rows equally spaced about the outer surface of the first needle carriage 90 a. Each of the plurality of nubs 94 in a respective longitudinal row of the plurality of nubs 94 is longitudinally spaced apart from one another such that each of the nubs 94 is received within one of the drive grooves 19. It is within the scope of this disclosure that the plurality of nubs 94 may be disposed about the outer surface of the first needle carriage 90 a in a helical pattern such that each of the plurality of nubs 94 is disposed within the drive grooves 19 without the plurality of nubs 94 forming longitudinal rows about the outer surface of the first needle carriage 90 a. As detailed below, when the first needle carriage 90 a rotates in response to rotation of the first drive shaft 81 a, the plurality of nubs 94 translate within the drive grooves 19 to longitudinally translate the first needle carriage 90 a along the first drive shaft 81 a.

The second needle carriage 90 b is substantially similar to the first needle carriage 90 a with like features labeled in a similar manner, as such, only the differences will be detailed herein. The keyed central opening 92 of the second needle carriage 90 b is slidably disposed over the distal portion 82 b of the second drive shaft 81 b. The distal portion 82 b of the second drive shaft 81 b is rotationally fixed within the keyed central opening 92 of the second needle carriage 90 b such that rotation of the second drive shaft 81 b causes rotation of the second needle carriage 90 b.

With reference again to FIG. 14, a knife carriage 96 includes a central portion 97 disposed between first and second guide cylinders 98 a, 98 b. The first guide cylinder 98 a defines a first rod opening 99 a having a diameter greater than a diameter of the first drive shaft 81 a (FIG. 6). The first drive shaft 81 a slidably passes through the first rod opening 99 a as detailed below. The outer diameter of the first guide cylinder 98 a is sized to translate within the drive channel 17 (FIG. 5) of the elongated housing portion 16. The first guide cylinder 98 a includes a distal face that is engaged by the first needle carriage 90 a as the first needle carriage 90 a is retracted within the drive channel 17 as detailed below.

With additional reference to FIG. 16, the second guide cylinder 98 b defines a second rod opening 99 b having a diameter greater than a diameter of a second needle 102 b. The second needle 102 b and the second drive shaft 81 b slidably pass through the second rod opening 99 b of the second guide cylinder 98 b as detailed below. The outer diameter of the second guide cylinder 98 b is sized to translate within the drive channel 17 (FIG. 5) of the elongated housing portion 16. The second guide cylinder 98 b includes a proximal face that is engaged by the second needle carriage 90 b as the second needle carriage 90 b is advanced within the drive channel 17 as detailed below. The central portion 97 receives a proximal portion of the knife bars 52 to translate the knife bars 52 through the end effector 30 as the knife carriage 96 is translated within the drive channel 17.

The proximal portions 82 a of the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b and the proximal end 79 a of the articulation rod 79 are positioned within a central passage 15 (FIG. 12) of the proximal housing portion 14. The gears 85 of the first and second sleeves 84 a, 84 b are positioned within the proximal housing portion 14 such that the gears 85 are engagable by a drive mechanism (e.g., drive member 20) to rotate the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b. The proximal end 79 a of the articulation rod extends into the central passage 15 such that the proximal end 79 a is engagable with a drive mechanism to articulate the end effector 30 (FIG. 11) relative to the elongated housing portion 16 as detailed above. The sutures 100 a, 100 b extend proximally from the suture passages 87 of the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b to a supply of suture material (not shown). The supply of suture material may be supported within the drive member 20, within the adapter 28 (FIG. 1B), or within the electromechanical handpiece 27 (FIG. 1B). It is also contemplated that the supply of suture material may be disposed within the loading unit 10.

Referring to FIGS. 6, 16, and 17, a second needle 102 b has a proximal end 104 and a distal tip 106 and defines a suture channel 108 between the proximal end 104 and the distal end 106. The second needle 102 b defines a helical shape and is positioned about the longitudinal axis of the second drive shaft 81 b. The second drive shaft 81 b passes through the center of the helical shape of the second needle 102 b. The suture channel 108 of the second needle 102 b is sized to slidably receive the second suture 100 b. The proximal end 104 of the second needle 102 b is fixed within the suture passage 93 of the second needle carriage 90 b to secure the second needle 102 b to the second needle carriage 90 b. The second suture 100 b passes through the suture passage 87 of the second drive sleeve 84 b, through the suture passage 93 of the second needle carriage 90 b, and through the suture channel 108 of the second needle 102 b. A distal end 101 of the second suture 100 b extends from the distal tip 106 of the second needle 102 b.

The first needle 102 a is substantially similar to the second needle 102 b with like features labeled in a similar manner, as such, only the differences will be detailed herein. The first needle 102 a defines a helical shape and is positioned about the longitudinal axis of the first drive shaft 81 a (FIG. 18). The first drive shaft 81 a passes through the center of the helical shape of the first needle 102 a. The proximal end 104 of the first needle 102 a is fixed within the suture passage 93 of the first needle carriage 90 a to secure the first needle 102 a to the first needle carriage 90 a. The first suture 100 a passes through the suture passage 87 of the first drive sleeve 82 a, through the first guide cylinder 98 a of the knife carriage 96, through the suture passage 93 of the first needle carriage 90 a, and through the suture channel 108 of the first needle 102 a. A distal end 101 of the first suture 100 a extends from the distal tip 106 of the first needle 102 a (FIG. 17). The distal tip 106 forms a sharpened tip for penetrating tissue as detailed below.

Referring to FIGS. 16 and 18-30, actuation of the drive mechanism 80 of the loading unit 10 is detailed in accordance with the present disclosure. To actuate the drive mechanism 80, a drive member (e.g., drive member 20) is connected to the proximal housing portion 14 (FIG. 19) into operative engagement with the gears 85 of the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b (FIG. 19). When the drive member 20 is actuated, the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b are driven in rotation in the same direction.

With reference to FIG. 18-22, the drive mechanism 80 is shown in a retracted position. The first drive rod 81 a passes through the keyed opening 86 of the first drive sleeve 84 a, the rod opening 99 a of the first guide cylinder 98 a of the knife carriage 96, and the central opening 92 (FIG. 14) of the first needle carriage 90 a. The first needle 102 a extends distally from the first needle carriage 90 a such that the helical shape of the first needle 102 a coils around the first drive rod 81 a. In addition, the first suture 100 a passes through the suture passage 87 of the first drive sleeve 84 a, through the rod opening 99 a of the first guide cylinder 98 a, through the suture passage 93 of the first needle carriage 90 a, and through the suture channel 108 (FIG. 17) of the first needle 102 a. It will be appreciated that the suture passages 87, 93 of the first drive sleeve 84 a and the first needle carriage 90 a are radially aligned such that the first suture 100 a extends in a direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first drive shaft 81 a between the first drive sleeve 84 a and the first needle carriage 90 a. In addition, the suture passages 87, 93 are radially positioned such that the suture 100 a passes over the collar 83 of the first drive shaft 81 a and through the rod opening 99 a of the first guide cylinder 98 a without interference as the first drive shaft 81 a is rotated as detailed below.

The second drive rod 81 b passes through the keyed opening 86 of the second drive sleeve 84 b, the central opening 92 of the second needle carriage 90 b, and the rod opening 99 b (FIG. 22) of the second guide cylinder 98 b of the knife carriage 96. The second needle 102 b distally extends from the second needle carriage 90 a and through the rod opening 99 b (FIG. 14) of the second guide cylinder 98 b such that the helical shape of the second needle 102 b coils around the second drive rod 81 b. In addition, the second suture 100 b passes through the suture passage 87 of the second drive sleeve 84 b, through the suture passage 93 of the second needle carriage 90 b, and through the suture channel 108 (FIG. 17) of the second needle 102 b. It will be appreciated that the suture passages 87, 93 of the second drive sleeve 84 b and the second needle carriage 90 b are radially aligned such that the second suture 100 b extends in a direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second drive shaft 81 b between the second drive sleeve 84 b and the second needle carriage 90 b. In addition, the suture passages 84, 93 are radially positioned such that the second suture 100 b passes over the collar 83 without interference as the second drive shaft 81 b is rotated as detailed below.

With particular reference to FIG. 18, the knife bars 52 are positioned between the first and second drive rods 81 a, 81 b with the proximal end of the knife bars 52 coupled to the central portion 97 of the knife carriage 96. The articulation rod 79 is positioned adjacent the first drive rod 81 a and extends in a direction that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first drive rod 81 a. It will be appreciated that the knife bars 52 and the articulation rod 79 are spaced apart from the first and second drive rods 81 a, 81 b such that the knife bars 52 and the articulation rod 79 do not interfere with the rotation of the drive mechanism 80 and the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b. The knife bars 52 may support the knife carriage 96 within the drive channel 17 (FIG. 20) of the elongated housing portion 16.

With additional reference to FIG. 23, the drive mechanism 80 is advanced towards an extended position by actuating drive member 20 (FIG. 19) to rotate the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b in a clockwise direction. As the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b, are rotated in a clockwise direction, the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b rotate the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b in a clockwise direction to rotate the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b in a clockwise direction. As detailed above, as the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b rotate in a clockwise direction, the plurality of nubs 94 of the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b which are received in the grooves 19 (FIGS. 20 and 22) defined in the elongated housing portion 16 translate through the grooves 19 to advance the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b along the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b, respectively. As the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b are advanced, the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably advanced through the end effector 30 as detailed below.

As the second needle carriage 90 b is advanced through the end effector 30, a distal surface of the second needle carriage 90 b engages a proximal surface of the second guide channel 98 b to advance the knife carriage 96 through the end effector 30. As the knife carriage 96 is advanced through the end effector 30, the knife carriage 96 advances the knife 54 through the end effector 30 as detailed below.

With reference to FIGS. 24 and 25, as the drive mechanism 80 is advanced from its retracted position (FIG. 18) towards its advanced position (FIG. 23), the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably advanced through the end effector 30 and the knife 54 is advanced through the knife slot 36 of the end effector 30. As the knife 54 is advanced through the end effector 30, the upper and lower flanges 56, 58 of the knife 54 translate along the clamping channels 28 of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 to move the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 of the end effector 30 to the closed configuration against the jaw biasing member 31 (FIG. 6) and thereafter, maintain a maximum tissue gap between the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 of the end effector 30.

As the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably advanced through the end effector 30 from a retracted position (FIG. 24) to an advanced position (FIG. 25), the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b rotate through the helical path 43 (FIGS. 26 and 30) defined by the wells 42 of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 to pass the sutures 100 a, 100 b through tissue (not shown) between the upper and lower jaws 32, 34. More specifically the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably advanced through the end effector 30, the tips 106 of the first and second needles 102, 102 b create a helical path through tissue between the first and second jaws 32, 34 and draw the first and second sutures 100 a, 100 b through the helical path created in the tissue.

As the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably advanced through the end effector 30, the blade 55 of the knife 54 is advanced through the knife slot 36 of the first and second jaws 32, 34 to sever the tissue between the first and second jaws 32, 34. The blade 55 of the knife 54 trails the distal tips 106 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b to allow the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b to secure the tissue together before the tissue is severed by the blade 55 of the knife 54. As shown, the blade 55 of the knife 54 trails the distal tips 106 by approximately 2.0 helical loops of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b; however, it is within the scope of this disclosure that the blade 55 of the knife 54 may trail the tips 106 in a range of about 0.1 loops to about 5.5 loops of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b.

The first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably advanced through the end effector 30 to position the tips 106 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b at a desired position along the length of the end effector 30. The desired position may be reached when the distal tips 106 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b reach the last well 42 of the first and second jaws 32, 34 or when a desired length of tissue is secured together by the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b. For example, the desired length may be in a range of about 5 mm to about 90 mm.

Referring again to FIGS. 18-23, when the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b reach the desired position, the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b, are rotatably withdrawn to the retracted position (FIG. 24) by actuating the drive member 20 to rotate the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b in a counter-clockwise direction about the longitudinal axis of the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b, respectively. As the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b, are rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, the first and second drive sleeves 84 a, 84 b rotate the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b in a counter-clockwise direction which rotates the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b in a counter-clockwise direction. As the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b rotate in a counter-clockwise direction, the plurality of nubs 94 of the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b which are received in the grooves 19 defined in the elongated housing portion 16 are retracted to retract the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b along the first and second drive shafts 81 a, 81 b, respectively. As the first and second needle carriages 90 a, 90 b are retracted, the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are rotatably withdrawn through the end effector 30.

As the second needle carriage 90 b is retracted, a proximal surface of the first needle carriage 90 a engages a distal surface of the first guide channel 98 a to retract the knife carriage 96 through the end effector 30 to retract the knife bars 52 and the knife 54 through the end effector 30. As the knife 54 is retracted through the knife slot 36, the upper and lower flanges 56, 58 slide distally along the clamping channels 38 of the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 (FIG. 28). As the upper and lower flanges 56, 58 slide distally along the clamping channels 38, the jaw biasing member 31 (FIG. 6) urges the upper and lower jaws 32, 34 towards the open configuration.

With reference to FIG. 28, as the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are retracted, the first and second sutures 100 a, 100 b are pulled from within the suture channels 108 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b. More specifically, the sutures 100 a, 100 b are prevented from being withdrawn from the tissue by retaining features (e.g., barbs 101 a (FIG. 17)) formed on each of the sutures 100 a, 100 b. The retaining features engage tissue in contact with the sutures 100 a, 100 b to prevent the sutures 100 a, 100 b from being withdrawn from the tissue. As the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are advanced, the first and second sutures 100 a, 100 b, which are substantially disposed within the suture channels 108 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b, are drawn through the helical path created in the tissue between the first and second jaws 32, 34. As detailed above, the distal ends 101 (FIG. 17) of the first and second sutures 100 a, 100 b extend from the distal tips 106 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b. When the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are retracted, the retaining features (e.g., barbs 101 a) at the distal ends 101 of the first and second sutures 100 a, 100 b prevent the sutures 100 a, 100 b from being withdrawn through tissue with the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b. As the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are retracted, additional retaining features of the sutures 100 a, 100 b engage tissue and secure the sutures 100 a, 100 b to tissue. Suitable retaining features of the sutures 100 a, 100 b are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,100,940 and 8,795,332 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/065,278 filed on Sep. 30, 2002, and published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0088003 on May 6, 2004, the entire contents of each are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, suitable sutures are commercially available from Covidien LP and sold under the name V-Loc™ wound closure devices.

Referring now to FIGS. 27-30, when the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b reach the retracted position, the suture cutting mechanism 60 is actuated to cut the sutures 102 a, 102 b to leave a portion of the sutures 102 a, 102 b within the tissue to secure the tissue together. In addition, a portion of the first and second sutures 102 a, 102 b remains within the suture channels 108 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b with a distal end 101 extending from the distal tips 106 of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b such that the suturing device 10 may be reused to secure additional tissue together.

With particular reference to FIG. 27, as the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are advanced, a portion of the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b rotates about the finger 66 of the suture cutter 62 between the cutting surface 67 of the finger 66 and an anvil 49 of the lower jaw 32. Then, as the first and second needles 102 a, 102 b are retracted, a portion of the first and second sutures 100 a, 100 b that is positioned between the cutting surface 67 of the suture cutter 62 and the anvil 49 of the lower jaw 32 is exposed.

As the knife 54 is retracted, the cutting cams 59 disposed on the lower flange 58 of the knife 54 engages the cam 68 of the suture cutter 62 to move suture cutter 62 proximally from a distal position (FIG. 27) to a proximal position (FIG. 28-30). In the proximal position of the suture cutter 62, the cutting surface 67 of the finger 66 is in contact with the anvil 49 of the lower jaw 32 such that the suture cutter 62 cuts a portion of the sutures 100 a, 100 b positioned between the cutting surface 67 and the anvil 69.

In the distal position of the suture cutter 62, the finger 66 of the suture cutter 62 is positioned below an upper surface of the anvil 49 of the lower jaw 32 to prevent the suture cutter 62 from prematurely cutting the sutures 100 a, 100 b. As the knife 54 is retracted, the cutting cam 59 engages a camming surface 68 a of the suture cutter 62 to lift (move the suture cutter 62 towards the second jaw 34) such that the finger 66 is positioned above the upper surface of the anvil 69 to allow the cutting surface 67 to contact the anvil 49 of the lower jaw 32 and sever the suture 100 a. As shown in FIG. 27, it is contemplated that in the distal position, the finger 66 of the suture cutter 62 engages the anvil 49 of the lower jaw 32.

The suture cutter 62 is biased towards the distal position by the cutter biasing member 65 (FIG. 26) that is coupled to the biasing flange 64 of the suture cutter 62. As the suture cutter 62 is moved from the distal position to the proximal position via engagement with cutting cam 59 of the knife 54, the biasing member 65 is extended by the interaction of the cutting cam 59 of the knife 54 with the cam 68 of the suture cutter 62.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Any combination of the above embodiments is also envisioned and is within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. 

What is claimed:
 1. A suturing end effector comprising: first and second jaw members moveable relative to one another between an open configuration and a closed configuration, each of the first and second jaw members defining a first row of wells, the first row of wells of the first and second jaws members defining a helical path when the first and second jaw members are in the closed configuration; and a helical needle rotatable through the helical path from a retracted position to an advanced position to draw a suture through tissue between the first and second jaw members, the helical needle being configured to be moveable from the advanced position to the retracted position independently of the suture.
 2. The suturing end effector according to claim 1, wherein the helical needle is hollow and defines a channel therethrough, the channel configured to slidably receive the suture.
 3. The suturing end effector according to claim 2, further comprising a suture cutter disposed within the first jaw member, the suture cutter being moveable from a first position to a second position to cut the suture to leave a portion of the suture within the tissue and a portion of the suture within the channel of the helical needle.
 4. The suturing end effector according to claim 3, wherein the suture cutter is configured to move proximally from the first position to the second position in response to movement of the helical needle to the retracted position.
 5. The suturing end effector according to claim 4, further comprising a knife translatable through the first and second jaw members, the knife including a cam that engages the suture cutter to move the suture cutter from the first position to the second position as the knife is retracted.
 6. The suturing end effector according to claim 1, wherein the first and second jaw members each define a portion of a knife slot along a longitudinal axis of the end effector, the knife slot extending through the tissue contacting surfaces of the first and second jaw members.
 7. The suturing end effector according to claim 6, wherein the first row of wells is positioned on a first side of the knife slot.
 8. The suturing end effector according to claim 6, further comprising a knife extendable through the knife slot, the knife trailing a tip of the helical needle as the helical needle is advanced through the helical path.
 9. The suturing end effector according to claim 8, wherein each of the first and second jaw members defines a clamping groove in a surface opposite to the tissue contacting surfaces of the first and second jaw members, and wherein the knife includes first and second flanges, the first flange disposed within the clamping groove of the first jaw member and the second flange disposed within the clamping groove of the second jaw member, the first and second flanges urging the first and second jaw members towards the closed configuration when the knife is advanced through the knife slot.
 10. A suturing loading unit comprising: a housing including: a proximal portion; an elongated portion extending distally from the proximal portion; and a drive mechanism; an end effector supported at a distal end of the elongated portion of the housing, the end effector including first and second jaw members moveable relative to one another between an open configuration and a closed configuration, each of the first and second jaw members defining a first row of wells, the first row of wells of the first and second jaws members defining a helical path when the first and second jaws members are in the closed configuration; and a first helical needle coupled to the drive mechanism, the first helical needle configured to rotate in response to actuation of the drive mechanism, the first helical needle configured to rotate through the helical path between a retracted position and an advanced position to draw a suture through tissue between the first and second jaw members, the helical needle being configured to be moveable from the advanced position to the retracted position independently of the suture.
 11. The suturing loading unit according to claim 10, wherein the drive mechanism includes: a first drive shaft rotatable within the elongated portion of the housing, the first drive shaft having a proximal portion and a distal portion; a first drive sleeve rotatably secured about the proximal portion of the first drive shaft; and a first needle carriage rotatably secured about the distal portion of the first drive shaft, the first needle carriage longitudinally translatable through the elongated portion of the housing as the first needle carriage is rotated by the first drive shaft between a retracted position and an advanced position.
 12. The suturing loading unit according to claim 11, wherein the first helical needle is disposed about the first drive shaft and coupled to the first needle carriage such that as the first needle carriage is advanced towards the advanced position, the first helical needle is configured to rotatably advance through the helical path of the first and second jaw members, and as the first needle carriage is retracted towards the retracted position, the first helical needle is configured to rotatably withdraw through the helical path of the first and second jaw members.
 13. The suturing loading unit according to claim 12, wherein the first drive sleeve and the first needle carriage each define passages and the first helical needle defines a channel, and the suture loading unit further comprises a first suture that passes through the passage defined through the first drive sleeve, through the passage defined through the first needle carriage, and into the channel defined through the first helical needle.
 14. The suturing loading unit according to claim 11, wherein the first needle carriage includes a plurality of nubs extending radially from an outer surface of the first needle carriage and an inner wall of the elongated portion of the housing defines drive grooves, and wherein each of the plurality of nubs is disposed within one of the drive grooves such that as the first needle carriage is configured to rotate by the first drive shaft, each of the plurality of nubs configured to translate within a respective drive groove to translate the first needle carriage within the elongated portion of the housing.
 15. The suturing loading unit according to claim 12, wherein the drive mechanism includes: a second drive shaft rotatable within the elongated portion of the housing, the second drive shaft being parallel to the first drive shaft, the second drive shaft having a proximal portion and a distal portion; a second drive sleeve rotatably secured about the proximal portion of the second drive shaft; and a second needle carriage rotatably secured about the distal portion of the second drive shaft, the second needle carriage longitudinally translatable through the elongated portion of the housing as the second needle carriage is rotated by the second drive shaft between a retracted position and an advanced position.
 16. The suturing loading unit according to claim 15, further comprising a second helical needle disposed about the second drive shaft and coupled to the second needle carriage such that as the second needle carriage is configured to advance towards the advanced position, the second helical needle is configured to rotatably advance through a second helical path of the first and second jaw members, and as the second needle carriage is retracted towards the retracted position, the second helical needle is configured to rotatably withdraw through the second helical path of the first and second jaw members, wherein the second helical path is defined by a second row of wells in the first and second jaw members when the first and second jaw members are in the closed configuration.
 17. The suturing loading unit according to claim 15, further comprising a knife carriage including a first guide cylinder, a second guide cylinder, and a central portion disposed between the first and second guide cylinders, the first guide cylinder slidably positioned over the first drive shaft and the second guide cylinder slidably positioned over the second drive shaft, the knife carriage coupled to a knife disposed within the end effector and being moveable to translate the knife through the first and second jaw members of the end effector.
 18. The suturing loading unit according to claim 17, wherein the drive mechanism includes knife bars having proximal and distal ends, the proximal ends of the knife bars being coupled to the knife carriage and the distal ends of the knife bars being coupled to the knife.
 19. The suturing loading unit of claim 17, wherein as the second needle carriage is advanced over the second drive shaft, the second needle carriage is configured to engage the knife carriage to advance the knife carriage through the elongated portion of the housing and as the first needle carriage is retracted, the first needle carriage is configured to engage the knife carriage to retract the knife carriage through the elongated portion of the housing.
 20. The suturing loading unit of claim 10, further comprising an articulation rod configured to articulate the end effector relative to the housing. 